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Approximate age:485,000 years old=average of minimum (0.35 Ma) and maximum (0.62 Ma)

Date based on: various See map of sites with similar ages

Dating reference: Liu, W., Zhang, Y., & Wu, X. (2005). Middle Pleistocene human cranium from Tangshan (Nanjing), Southeast China: A new reconstruction and comparisons with Homo erectus from Eurasia and Africa. American journal of physical anthropology, 127(3), 253-262. ; Zhisheng, A. (1997). Environmental Changes of the Yangtze River Delta since 200 KaPB with Special Reference to Climatic Background of the Tang Shan Fauna, Nanjing*.

Hominids: Homo erectus      

Archaeology:      

Important specimens: Nanjing 1, Nanjing 2 (partial crania), teeth

Notes: Middle Pleistocene Human Cranium From Tangshan (Nanjing), Southeast China: A New Reconstruction and Comparisons With Homo erectus From Eurasia and Africa Wu Liu,* Yinyun Zhang, and Xinzhi Wu The morphology and affinities of early and middle Pleistocene Homo erectus in East Asia have been explored since the late nineteenth century. A fragmentary hominid cranium (Nanjing no.1) recovered in Tangshan near Nanjing, China bears directly on these issues. In the present study, the morphological features of Nanjing no.1 are described and compared with Homo erectus from both Eurasia and Africa. Our results indicate that this middle Pleistocene hominid fossil should be referred to as Homo erectus. The sharing of typical Homo erectus features with African and European counterparts demonstrates that Homo erectus is a widely distributed lineage that evolved during the million years after its Pliocene origins. The differences between Nanjing no.1 and Zhoukoudian suggest certain level of regional variation in East Asian Homo erectus. Am J Phys Anthropol 127:253?262, 2005.

Location: Calabash Cave, Tangshan hills, east of Nanjing, China, China
Map location/coordinates reference: Zhisheng, A. (1997). Environmental Changes of the Yangtze River Delta since 200 KaPB with Special Reference to Climatic Background of the Tang Shan Fauna, Nanjing*.

Key references: Liu, W., Zhang, Y., & Wu, X. (2005). Middle Pleistocene human cranium from Tangshan (Nanjing), Southeast China: A new reconstruction and comparisons with Homo erectus from Eurasia and Africa. American journal of physical anthropology, 127(3), 253-262.