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Approximate age:120,000 years old=average of minimum (0.090 Ma) and maximum (0.15 Ma)
Date based on: TL, OSL, MSA artifacts See map of sites with similar ages
Dating reference: McBurney, C. B. M. (1961). Absolute age of Pleistocene and Holocene deposits in the Haua Fteah. Martini, M., Sibilia, E., Zelaschi, C., Troja, S. O., Forzese, R., Caputa, C., et al. (1998). TL and OSL dating of fossil dune sand in the Uan Afuda and Uan Tabu sites (Tadrart Acacus, Libyan Sahara). Wadi Teshuinat. Palaeoenvironment and Prehistory in South-western Fezzan (Libya), CNR, Milano, 67-72.
Cremaschi, M., Di Lernia, S., & Garcea, E. A. A. (1998). Some insights on the Aterian in the Libyan Sahara: chronology, environment, and archaeology. African Archaeological Review, 15(4), 261-286.
Hominids: Homo sapiens Homo rhodesiensis
Archaeology:Middle Stone Age (MSA)/Mousterian Late Stone Age (LSA)/Upper Paleolithic
Important specimens: fragmentary mandibles of Homo rhodesiensis/ Homo sapiens idaltu. Transitional MSA/LSA industry.
Notes: Cave has long stratigraphic record, from MSA to Neolithic. This entry is for MSA levels. Holocene levels are outlined here: Hunt, C., Davison, J., Inglis, R., Farr, L., Reynolds, T., Simpson, D., et al. Site formation processes in caves: The Holocene sediments of the Haua Fteah, Cyrenaica, Libya. Journal of Archaeological Science.
The date for the MSA is unknown, although it has been reported to be between 100 and 150 thousand years old (MckBurney et al., 1961). Some TL and OSL dates suggest the MSA levels are over 90,000 years old. It is here recorded at 90,000-150,000 years old.
Location: (Great Cave), Libya
Map location/coordinates reference: Moyer, C. (2003). The Organisation of Lithic Technology in the Middle and Early Upper
Palaeolithic Industries at the Haua Fteah, Libya. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, Corpus Christi.
Key references:
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